結局、高機能なアプリを諦めきれず日本語化完了。
これだと使える。
実際にボードを繋ぐと動作する。
添付動画はデータの作成に慣れるまでのシミュレーション!
添付ファイル
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EggBot再燃を否定したばかりだったが、反省!
円筒形にシームレスな幾何学図形を描いた場合、ステッパーの計算だけでは納得いかない繋がりになるのをそのまま見過ごしてきた。
計算通りにステッパーを回転させても重複する最後の線が僅かに太くなる問題!
重複して描画すれば当たり前の結果かもしれないが、動画で見る限りオリジナルメーカーのものは滑らかで重複線が太くなっていない。
0.005度のステッパーのズレを調整してこの問題は解決した。
論より証拠で動画をUP。
動画は最後のつなぎの部分。
ペン先が多少擦れて太くはなったが、日本製の三菱PIN 0.1ミリ
動画は等速録画のものをUP。
添付ファイル
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極細ペン用に
Arduino・Servo遅延時間(PWM)の調整中
ペン上昇を早く
ペン下降は遅く
前にこのペンを利用して(0.2ミリの細)タマゴの殻を割った経験あり!
様子見なのでペン固定(少しグラグラ!)と芯出しはやってないがうまくいってる。
中程度の迷路だが、フィードレートの調整次第では0.1ミリの極細ペンで巨大迷路までいけそうだ。
ペン先の太さからこの密度が限界。
添付したzipファイル(SVG)は実際にプリントに使った迷路。
おそらくだが、今夜の料理で無慈悲に割られる予感。
ソース備忘
config.h 内の定義
#define SERVO_PIN_1 11
#define SERVO_DELAY 75 // (ms) delay between position changes
〜
// Optional output
#define ALT_PIN 2
〜
SoftwareServo.h
#ifndef SoftwareServo_h
#define SoftwareServo_h
#include "Arduino.h"
#include
class SoftwareServo
{
private:
uint8_t pin;
uint8_t angle; // in degrees
uint16_t pulse0; // pulse width in TCNT0 counts
uint8_t min16; // minimum pulse, 16uS units (default is 34)
uint8_t max16; // maximum pulse, 16uS units, 0-4ms range (default is 150)
class SoftwareServo *next;
static SoftwareServo* first;
public:
SoftwareServo();
uint8_t attach(int); // attach to a pin, sets pinMode, returns 0 on failure, won't
// position the servo until a subsequent write() happens
void detach();
void write(int); // specify the angle in degrees, 0 to 180
uint8_t read();
uint8_t attached();
void setMinimumPulse(uint16_t); // pulse length for 0 degrees in microseconds, 540uS default
void setMaximumPulse(uint16_t); // pulse length for 180 degrees in microseconds, 2400uS default
static void refresh(); // must be called at least every 50ms or so to keep servo alive
// you can call more often, it won't happen more than once every 20ms
};
#endif
SoftwareServo.cpp
#include "SoftwareServo.h"
SoftwareServo *SoftwareServo::first;
#define NO_ANGLE (0xff)
SoftwareServo::SoftwareServo() : pin(0), angle(NO_ANGLE), pulse0(0), min16(34), max16(150), next(0)
{}
void SoftwareServo::setMinimumPulse(uint16_t t)
{
min16 = t/16;
}
void SoftwareServo::setMaximumPulse(uint16_t t)
{
max16 = t/16;
}
uint8_t SoftwareServo::attach(int pinArg)
{
pin = pinArg;
angle = NO_ANGLE;
pulse0 = 0;
next = first;
first = this;
digitalWrite(pin, 0);
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
return 1;
}
void SoftwareServo::detach()
{
for (SoftwareServo **p=&first; *p!=0; p=&((*p)->next) ) {
if (*p == this) {
*p = this->next;
this->next = 0;
return;
}
}
}
void SoftwareServo::write(int angleArg)
{
if (angleArg < 0) angleArg = 0;
if (angleArg > 180) angleArg = 180;
angle = angleArg;
// bleh, have to use longs to prevent overflow, could be tricky if always a 16MHz clock, but not true
// That 64L on the end is the TCNT0 prescaler, it will need to change if the clock's prescaler changes,
// but then there will likely be an overflow problem, so it will have to be handled by a human.
pulse0 = (min16*16L*clockCyclesPerMicrosecond() + (max16-min16)*(16L*clockCyclesPerMicrosecond())*angle/180L)/64L;
}
uint8_t SoftwareServo::read()
{
return angle;
}
uint8_t SoftwareServo::attached()
{
for (SoftwareServo *p=first; p!=0; p=p->next ) {
if (p == this) return 1;
}
return 0;
}
void SoftwareServo::refresh()
{
uint8_t count = 0, i = 0;
uint16_t base = 0;
SoftwareServo *p;
static unsigned long lastRefresh = 0;
unsigned long m = millis();
// if we haven't wrapped millis, and 20ms have not passed, then don't do anything
if (m >= lastRefresh && m < lastRefresh + 20) return;
lastRefresh = m;
for (p=first; p!=0; p=p->next ) if (p->pulse0) count++;
if (count == 0) return;
// gather all the SoftwareServos in an array
SoftwareServo *s[count];
for (p=first; p !=0; p=p->next ) if (p->pulse0) s[i++] = p;
// bubblesort the SoftwareServos by pulse time, ascending order
for(;;) {
uint8_t moved = 0;
for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
if (s[i]->pulse0 < s[i-1]->pulse0) {
SoftwareServo *t = s[i];
s[i] = s[i-1];
s[i-1] = t;
moved = 1;
}
}
if (!moved) break;
}
// turn on all the pins
// Note the timing error here... when you have many SoftwareServos going, the
// ones at the front will get a pulse that is a few microseconds too long.
// Figure about 4uS/SoftwareServo after them. This could be compensated, but I feel
// it is within the margin of error of software SoftwareServos that could catch
// an extra interrupt handler at any time.
for (i=0; ipin, 1);
uint8_t start = TCNT0;
uint8_t now = start;
uint8_t last = now;
// Now wait for each pin's time in turn..
for (i=0; i
uint16_t go = start + s[i]->pulse0;
// loop until we reach or pass 'go' time
for (;;) {
now = TCNT0;
if (now < last) base += 256;
last = now;
if (base+now > go) {
digitalWrite(s[i]->pin, 0);
break;
}
}
}
}
// ----------Servo遅延調整-------------
void moveServo(double value)
{
const int incrementDelay = SERVO_DELAY;
const int currentAngle = servo.read();
servoEnabled = true;
if (value < 0.) value = 0.;
if (value > 180.) value = 180.;
if (value > currentAngle) //
{
for (int angle=currentAngle; angle
{
servo.write(angle);
delay (incrementDelay * 0.6);
SoftwareServo::refresh();
}
}
else if (value < currentAngle) //
if (value < currentAngle) //
{
for (int angle=currentAngle; angle>value; angle--) // 角度デクリメント
{
servo.write(angle);
delay (incrementDelay * 0.5);
SoftwareServo::refresh();
}
}
{
servo.write((int)value);
}
// nothing to be done if value == currentAngle
}
// -------------------------------------------------------
〜
添付ファイル
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前出の動画のように「EggBot」をGRBLで動かすとどんな感じになるのか? 検証してみたくなった。
動画にUPされているEggBotのソース内容が解らないので、描画するタマゴ面のサイズやステッパーの設定を「Inkscape」内の「Laserプラグイン」に適合するよう、grblソースを変更。
※EggBotのファームに利用する Servo + モーター制御 は定番とも言える「grbl-servo-master」(GitHubで)
ハードウェアは弄るのが面倒なので現在の構成を(PIN配置も同じ)そのままで使う事にした。
下の画像が実際に稼働させたときの「設定」に関する備忘録。
EggBotそのものは「Inkscape Ver0.91」でないとうまく機能してくれないので日本語化するついでに最新版の0.92.4用に変更。
暫定的だが、ステッパー1回転が「Inkscape」の描画枠横サイズで100ミリになるよう設定。(これはあとで後悔する事に。パス化したときの矢印が邪魔になるので200ミリにすべき)
今回はEggBot用GCODEの出力(左側のダイアログ)を使わずLaser_pluginで出力。
grblのEggBotに合わせた各ステッパーの設定値(暫定的)
結果が同じ挙動になるのは予測できていたが、やはりその通り。
GRBLはコントローラーの種類が多く機能も充実しており今後はGRBLで統一した方が覚える事も少なくてすむ。
参考サイト:
https://github.com/grbl/grbl/wiki/Connecting-Grbl
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個人的なテスト:
Inkscapeの迷路プラグイン整備中。 Inkscape0.92.3 動いた。
InkscapeからBlenderに移して立体化
ちなみに上のパターンとは別物。(こちらは最初のテスト)
横長なのは円筒で端々がつながる迷路になっており、これは平面展開したもの。
テストなので・・。
Python・迷路ソース
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Draw a cylindrical maze suitable for plotting with the Eggbot
# The maze itself is generated using a depth first search (DFS)
# Written by Daniel C. Newman for the Eggbot Project
# Improvements and suggestions by W. Craig Trader
# 20 September 2010
# Update 26 April 2011 by Daniel C. Newman
#
# 1. Address Issue #40
# The extension now draws the maze by columns, going down
# one column of cells and then up the next column. By using
# this technique, the impact of slippage is largely limited
# the the West and East ends of the maze not meeting. Otherwise,
# the maze will still look quite well aligned both locally and
# globally. Only very gross slippage will impact the local
# appearance of the maze.
#
# Note that this new drawing technique is nearly as fast as
# the prior method. The prior method has been preserved and
# can be selected by setting self.hpp = True. ("hpp" intended
# to mean "high plotting precision".)
#
# 2. Changed the page dimensions to use a height of 800 rather
# than 1000 pixels.
#
# 3. When drawing the solution layer, draw the ending cell last.
# Previously, the starting and ending cells were first drawn,
# and then the solution path itself. That caused the pen to
# move to the beginning, the end, and then back to the beginning
# again to start the solution path. Alternatively, the solution
# path might have been drawn from the end to the start. However,
# just drawing the ending cell last was easier code-wise.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
import sys
import array
import random
import math
import inkex
import simplestyle
# Initialize the psuedo random number generator
random.seed()
PLOT_WIDTH = int( 3200 ) # Eggbot plot width in pixels
PLOT_HEIGHT = int( 800 ) # Eggbot plot height in pixels
TARGET_WIDTH = int( 3200 ) # Desired plot width in pixels
TARGET_HEIGHT = int( 600 ) # Desired plot height in pixels
# Add a SVG path element to the document
# We could do this just as easily as a polyline
def draw_SVG_path( pts, c, t, parent ):
if ( pts is None ) or len( pts ) == 0: # Nothing to draw
return
if isinstance( pts, list ):
assert len( pts ) % 3 == 0, "len(pts) must be a multiple of three"
d = "%s %d,%d" % ( pts[0], pts[1], pts[2] )
for i in range( 3, len( pts ), 3 ):
d += " %s %d,%d" % ( pts[i], pts[i+1], pts[i+2] )
elif isinstance( pts, str ):
d = pts
else:
return
style = { 'stroke':c, 'stroke-width':str( t ), 'fill':'none' }
line_attribs = { 'style':simplestyle.formatStyle( style ),'d':d }
inkex.etree.SubElement( parent, inkex.addNS( 'path','svg' ), line_attribs )
# Add a SVG rect element to the document
def draw_SVG_rect( x, y, w, h, c, t, fill, parent ):
style = { 'stroke':c, 'stroke-width':str( t ), 'fill':fill }
rect_attribs = { 'style':simplestyle.formatStyle( style ),
'x':str( x ), 'y':str( y ),
'width':str( w ), 'height':str( h ) }
inkex.etree.SubElement( parent, inkex.addNS( 'rect', 'svg' ),
rect_attribs )
class Maze( inkex.Effect ):
# Each cell in the maze is represented using 9 bits:
#
# Visited -- When set, indicates that this cell has been visited during
# construction of the maze
#
# Border -- Four bits indicating which if any of this cell's walls are
# part of the maze's boundary (i.e., are unremovable walls)
#
# Walls -- Four bits indicating which if any of this cell's walls are
# still standing
#
# Visited Border Walls
# x x x x x x x x x
# W S E N W S E N
_VISITED = 0x0100
_NORTH = 0x0001
_EAST = 0x0002
_SOUTH = 0x0004
_WEST = 0x0008
def __init__( self ):
inkex.Effect.__init__( self )
self.OptionParser.add_option(
"--tab", action="store", type="string",
dest="tab", default="controls",
help="The active tab when Apply was pressed" )
self.OptionParser.add_option(
"--mazeSize", action="store", type="string", dest="mazeSize",
default="MEDIUM", help="Difficulty of maze to build" )
#self.OptionParser.add_option(
# "--hpp", action="store", type="inkbool", dest="hpp", default=False,
# help="Use a faster plotting technique that requires much better plotting precision" )
#self.hpp = self.options.hpp
self.hpp = False
self.w = int( 0 )
self.h = int( 0 )
self.solved = int( 0 )
self.start_x = int( 0 )
self.start_y = int( 0 )
self.finish_x = int( 0 )
self.finish_y = int( 0 )
self.solution_x = None
self.solution_y = None
self.cells = None
# Drawing information
self.scale = float( 25.0 )
self.last_point = None
self.path = ''
def effect( self ):
# These dimensions are chosen so as to maintain integral dimensions
# with a ratio of width to height of TARGET_WIDTH to TARGET_HEIGHT.
# Presently that's 3200 to 600 which leads to a ratio of 5 and 1/3.
if self.options.mazeSize == 'SMALL':
self.w = int( 32 )
self.h = int( 6 )
elif self.options.mazeSize == 'MEDIUM':
self.w = int( 64 )
self.h = int( 12 )
elif self.options.mazeSize == 'LARGE':
self.w = int( 96 )
self.h = int( 18 )
else:
self.w = int( 128 )
self.h = int( 24 )
# The large mazes tend to hit the recursion limit
limit = sys.getrecursionlimit()
if limit < ( 4 + self.w * self.h ):
sys.setrecursionlimit( 4 + self.w * self.h )
maze_size = self.w * self.h
self.finish_x = int( self.w - 1 )
self.finish_y = int( self.h - 1 )
self.solution_x = array.array( 'i', range( 0, maze_size ) )
self.solution_y = array.array( 'i', range( 0, maze_size ) )
self.cells = array.array( 'H', range( 0, maze_size ) )
# Remove any old maze
for node in self.document.xpath( '//svg:g[@inkscape:label="1 - Maze"]', namespaces=inkex.NSS ):
parent = node.getparent()
parent.remove( node )
# Remove any old solution
for node in self.document.xpath( '//svg:g[@inkscape:label="2 - Solution"]', namespaces=inkex.NSS ):
parent = node.getparent()
parent.remove( node )
# Remove any empty, default "Layer 1"
for node in self.document.xpath( '//svg:g[@id="layer1"]', namespaces=inkex.NSS ):
if not node.getchildren():
parent = node.getparent()
parent.remove( node )
# Start a new maze
self.solved = 0
self.start_x = random.randint( 0, self.w - 1 )
self.finish_x = random.randint( 0, self.w - 1 )
# Initialize every cell with all four walls up
for i in range( 0, maze_size ):
self.cells[i] = Maze._NORTH | Maze._EAST | Maze._SOUTH | Maze._WEST
# Now set our borders -- borders being walls which cannot be removed.
# Since we are a maze on the surface of a cylinder we only have two
# edges and hence only two borders. We consider our two edges to run
# from WEST to EAST and to be at the NORTH and SOUTH.
z = ( self.h - 1 ) * self.w
for x in range( 0, self.w ):
self.cells[x] |= Maze._NORTH << 4
self.cells[x + z] |= Maze._SOUTH << 4
# Build the maze
self.handle_cell( 0, self.start_x, self.start_y )
# Now that the maze has been built, remove the appropriate walls
# associated with the start and finish points of the maze
# Note: we have to remove these after building the maze. If we
# remove them first, then the lack of a border at the start (or
# finish) cell will allow the handle_cell() routine to wander
# outside of the maze. I.e., handle_cell() doesn't do boundary
# checking on the cell cell coordinates it generates. Instead, it
# relies upon the presence of borders to prevent it wandering
# outside the confines of the maze.
self.remove_border( self.start_x, self.start_y, Maze._NORTH )
self.remove_wall( self.start_x, self.start_y, Maze._NORTH )
self.remove_border( self.finish_x, self.finish_y, Maze._SOUTH )
self.remove_wall( self.finish_x, self.finish_y, Maze._SOUTH )
# Now draw the maze
# The following scaling and translations scale the maze's
# (width, height) to (TARGET_WIDTH, TARGET_HEIGHT), and translates
# the maze so that it centered within a document of dimensions
# (width, height) = (PLOT_WIDTH, PLOT_HEIGHT)
# Note that each cell in the maze is drawn 2 x units wide by
# 2 y units high. A width and height of 2 was chosen for
# convenience and for allowing easy identification (as the integer 1)
# of the centerline along which to draw solution paths. It is the
# abstract units which are then mapped to the TARGET_WIDTH eggbot x
# pixels by TARGET_HEIGHT eggbot y pixels rectangle.
scale_x = float( TARGET_WIDTH ) / float( 2 * self.w )
scale_y = float( TARGET_HEIGHT ) / float( 2 * self.h )
translate_x = float( PLOT_WIDTH - TARGET_WIDTH ) / 2.0
translate_y = float( PLOT_HEIGHT - TARGET_HEIGHT ) / 2.0
# And the SVG transform is thus
t = 'translate(%f,%f)' % ( translate_x, translate_y ) + \
' scale(%f,%f)' % ( scale_x, scale_y )
# For scaling line thicknesses. We'll typically draw a line of
# thickness 1 but will need to make the SVG path have a thickness
# of 1 / scale so that after our transforms are applied, the
# resulting thickness is the 1 we wanted in the first place.
if scale_x > scale_y:
self.scale = scale_x
else:
self.scale = scale_y
self.last_point = None
self.path = ''
if not self.hpp:
# To draw the walls, we start at the left-most column of cells, draw down drawing
# the WEST and NORTH walls and then draw up drawing the EAST and SOUTH walls.
# By drawing in this back and forth fashion, we minimize the effect of slippage.
for x in range( 0, self.w, 2 ):
self.draw_vertical( x )
else:
# The drawing style of the "high plotting precision" / "faster plotting" mode
# is such that it minimizes the number of pen up / pen down operations
# but at the expense of requiring higher drawing precision. It's style
# of drawing works best when there is very minimal slippage of the egg
# Draw the horizontal walls
self.draw_horizontal_hpp( 0, Maze._NORTH )
for y in range( 0, self.h - 1 ):
self.draw_horizontal_hpp( y, Maze._SOUTH )
self.draw_horizontal_hpp( self.h - 1, Maze._SOUTH )
# Draw the vertical walls
# Since this is a maze on the surface of a cylinder, we don't need
# to draw the vertical walls at the outer edges (x = 0 & x = w - 1)
for x in range( 0, self.w ):
self.draw_vertical_hpp( x, Maze._EAST )
# Maze in layer "1 - Maze"
attribs = {
inkex.addNS( 'label', 'inkscape' ) : '1 - Maze',
inkex.addNS( 'groupmode', 'inkscape' ) : 'layer',
'transform' : t }
maze_layer = inkex.etree.SubElement( self.document.getroot(), 'g', attribs )
draw_SVG_path( self.path, "#000000", float( 1 / self.scale ), maze_layer )
# Now draw the solution in red in layer "2 - Solution"
attribs = {
inkex.addNS( 'label', 'inkscape' ) : '2 - Solution',
inkex.addNS( 'groupmode', 'inkscape' ) : 'layer',
'transform' : t }
maze_layer = inkex.etree.SubElement( self.document.getroot(), 'g', attribs )
# Mark the starting cell
draw_SVG_rect( 0.25 + 2 * self.start_x, 0.25 + 2 * self.start_y,
1.5, 1.5, "#ff0000", 0, "#ff0000", maze_layer )
# And now generate the solution path itself
# To minimize the number of plotted paths (and hence pen up / pen
# down operations), we generate as few SVG paths as possible.
# However, for aesthetic reasons we stop the path and start a new
# one when it runs off the edge of the document. We could keep on
# drawing as the eggbot will handle that just fine. However, it
# doesn't look as good in Inkscape. So, we end the path and start
# a new one which is wrapped to the other edge of the document.
pts = []
end_path = False
i = 0
while i < self.solved:
x1 = self.solution_x[i]
y1 = self.solution_y[i]
i += 1
x2 = self.solution_x[i]
y2 = self.solution_y[i]
if math.fabs( x1 - x2 ) > 1:
# We wrapped horizontally...
if x1 > x2:
x2 = x1 + 1
else:
x2 = x1 - 1
end_path = True
if i == 1:
pts.extend( [ 'M', 2 * x1 + 1, 2 * y1 + 1 ] )
pts.extend( [ 'L', 2 * x2 + 1, 2 * y2 + 1 ] )
if not end_path:
continue
x2 = self.solution_x[i]
y2 = self.solution_y[i]
pts.extend( [ 'M', 2 * x2 + 1, 2 * y2 + 1 ] )
end_path = False
# Put the solution path into the drawing
draw_SVG_path( pts, '#ff0000', float( 8 / self.scale ), maze_layer )
# Now mark the ending cell
draw_SVG_rect( 0.25 + 2*self.finish_x, 0.25 + 2 * self.finish_y,
1.5, 1.5, "#ff0000", 0, "#ff0000", maze_layer )
# Restore the recursion limit
sys.setrecursionlimit( limit )
# Set some document properties
node = self.document.getroot()
node.set( 'width', '3200' )
node.set( 'height', '800' )
# The following end up being ignored by Inkscape....
node = self.getNamedView()
node.set( 'showborder', 'false' )
node.set( inkex.addNS( 'cx', u'inkscape' ), '1600' )
node.set( inkex.addNS( 'cy', u'inkscape' ), '500' )
node.set( inkex.addNS( 'showpageshadow', u'inkscape' ), 'false' )
# Mark the cell at (x, y) as "visited"
def visit( self, x, y ):
self.cells[y * self.w + x] |= Maze._VISITED
# Return a non-zero value if the cell at (x, y) has been visited
def is_visited( self, x, y ):
if self.cells[y * self.w + x] & Maze._VISITED:
return -1
else:
return 0
# Return a non-zero value if the cell at (x, y) has a wall
# in the direction d
def is_wall( self, x, y, d ):
if self.cells[y * self.w + x] & d:
return -1
else:
return 0
# Remove the wall in the direction d from the cell at (x, y)
def remove_wall( self, x, y, d ):
self.cells[y * self.w + x] &= ~d
# Return a non-zero value if the cell at (x, y) has a border wall
# in the direction d
def is_border( self, x, y, d ):
if self.cells[y * self.w + x] & ( d << 4 ):
return -1
else:
return 0
# Remove the border in the direction d from the cell at (x, y)
def remove_border( self, x, y, d ):
self.cells[y * self.w + x] &= ~( d << 4 )
# This is the DFS algorithm which builds the maze. We start at depth 0
# at the starting cell (self.start_x, self.start_y). We then walk to a
# randomly selected neighboring cell which has not yet been visited (i.e.,
# previously walked into). Each step of the walk is a recursive descent
# in depth. The solution to the maze comes about when we walk into the
# finish cell at (self.finish_x, self.finish_y).
#
# Each recursive descent finishes when the currently visited cell has no
# unvisited neighboring cells.
#
# Since we don't revisit previously visited cells, each cell is visited
# no more than once. As it turns out, each cell is visited, but that's a
# little harder to show. Net, net, each cell is visited exactly once.
def handle_cell( self, depth, x, y ):
# Mark the current cell as visited
self.visit( x, y )
# Save this cell's location in our solution trail / backtrace
if not self.solved:
self.solution_x[depth] = x
self.solution_y[depth] = y
if ( x == self.finish_x ) and ( y == self.finish_y ):
# Maze has been solved
self.solved = depth
# Shuffle the four compass directions: this is the primary source
# of "randomness" in the generated maze. We need to visit each
# neighboring cell which has not yet been visited. If we always
# did that in the same order, then our mazes would look very regular.
# So, we shuffle the list of directions we try in order to find an
# unvisited neighbor.
# HINT: TRY COMMENTING OUT THE shuffle() BELOW AND SEE FOR YOURSELF
directions = [Maze._NORTH, Maze._SOUTH, Maze._EAST, Maze._WEST]
random.shuffle( directions )
# Now from the cell at (x, y), look to each of the four
# directions for unvisited neighboring cells
for i in range( 0, 4 ):
# If there is a border in direction[i], then don't try
# looking for a neighboring cell in that direction. We
# Use this check and borders to prevent generating invalid
# cell coordinates.
if self.is_border( x, y, directions[i] ):
continue
# Determine the cell coordinates of a neighboring cell
# NOTE: we trust the use of maze borders to prevent us
# from generating invalid cell coordinates
if directions[i] == Maze._NORTH:
nx = x
ny = y - 1
opposite_direction = Maze._SOUTH
elif directions[i] == Maze._SOUTH:
nx = x
ny = y + 1
opposite_direction = Maze._NORTH
elif directions[i] == Maze._EAST:
nx = x + 1
ny = y
opposite_direction = Maze._WEST
else:
nx = x - 1
ny = y
opposite_direction = Maze._EAST
# Wrap in the horizontal dimension
if nx < 0:
nx += self.w
elif nx >= self.w:
nx -= self.w
# See if this neighboring cell has been visited
if self.is_visited( nx, ny ):
# Neighbor has been visited already
continue
# The neighboring cell has not been visited: remove the wall in
# the current cell leading to the neighbor. And, from the
# neighbor remove its wall leading to the current cell.
self.remove_wall( x, y, directions[i] )
self.remove_wall( nx, ny, opposite_direction )
# Now recur by "moving" to this unvisited neighboring cell
self.handle_cell( depth + 1, nx, ny )
def draw_line( self, x1, y1, x2, y2 ):
if self.last_point is not None:
if ( self.last_point[0] == x1 ) and ( self.last_point[1] == y1 ):
self.path += ' L %d,%d' % ( x2, y2 )
self.last_point = [ x2, y2 ]
elif ( self.last_point[0] == x2 ) and ( self.last_point[1] == y2 ):
self.path += ' L %d,%d L %d,%d' % ( x1, y1, x2, y2 )
# self.last_point unchanged
else:
self.path += ' M %d,%d L %d,%d' % ( x1, y1, x2, y2 )
self.last_point = [ x2, y2 ]
else:
self.path = 'M %d,%d L %d,%d' % ( x1, y1, x2, y2 )
self.last_point = [ x2, y2 ]
def draw_wall( self, x, y, d, dir ):
if dir > 0:
if d == Maze._NORTH:
self.draw_line( 2*(x+1), 2*y, 2*x, 2*y )
elif d == Maze._WEST:
self.draw_line( 2*x, 2*y, 2*x, 2*(y+1) )
elif d == Maze._SOUTH:
self.draw_line( 2*(x+1), 2*(y+1), 2*x, 2*(y+1) )
else: # Mase._EAST
self.draw_line( 2*(x+1), 2*y, 2*(x+1), 2*(y+1) )
else:
if d == Maze._NORTH:
self.draw_line( 2*x, 2*y, 2*(x+1), 2*y )
elif d == Maze._WEST:
self.draw_line( 2*x, 2*(y+1), 2*x, 2*y )
elif d == Maze._SOUTH:
self.draw_line( 2*x, 2*(y+1), 2*(x+1), 2*(y+1) )
else: # Maze._EAST
self.draw_line( 2*(x+1), 2*(y+1), 2*(x+1), 2*y )
# Draw the vertical walls of the maze along the column of cells at
# horizonal positions
def draw_vertical( self, x ):
# Drawing moving downwards from north to south
if self.is_wall( x, 0, Maze._NORTH ):
self.draw_wall( x, 0, Maze._NORTH, +1 )
for y in range( 0, self.h ):
if self.is_wall( x, y, Maze._WEST ):
self.draw_wall( x, y, Maze._WEST, +1 )
if self.is_wall( x, y, Maze._SOUTH ):
self.draw_wall( x, y, Maze._SOUTH, +1 )
# Now, return drawing upwards moving from south to north
x += 1
if x >= self.w:
return
for y in range( self.h - 1, -1, -1 ):
if self.is_wall( x, y, Maze._SOUTH ):
self.draw_wall( x, y, Maze._SOUTH, -1 )
if self.is_wall( x, y, Maze._WEST ):
self.draw_wall( x, y, Maze._WEST, -1 )
if self.is_wall( x, 0, Maze._NORTH ):
self.draw_wall( x, 0, Maze._NORTH, -1 )
# Draw the horizontal walls of the maze along the row of
# cells at "height" y: "high plotting precision" version
def draw_horizontal_hpp(self, y, wall ):
# Cater to Python 2.4 and earlier
# dy = 0 if wall == Maze._NORTH else 1
if wall == Maze._NORTH:
dy = 0
else:
dy = 1
tracing = False
for x in range( 0, self.w ):
if self.is_wall( x, y, wall ):
if not tracing:
# Starting a new segment
segment = x
tracing = True
else:
if tracing:
# Reached the end of a segment
self.draw_line( 2 * segment, 2 * (y + dy),
2 * x, 2 * (y + dy) )
tracing = False
if tracing:
# Draw the last wall segment
self.draw_line( 2 * segment, 2 * (y + dy),
2 * self.w, 2 * (y + dy) )
# Draw the vertical walls of the maze along the column of cells at
# horizonal position x: "high plotting precision" version
def draw_vertical_hpp(self, x, wall ):
# Cater to Python 2.4 and earlier
# dx = 0 if wall == Maze._WEST else 1
if wall == Maze._WEST:
dx = 0
else:
dx = 1
# We alternate the direction in which we draw each vertical wall.
# First, from North to South and then from South to North. This
# reduces pen travel on the Eggbot
if x % 2 == 0: # North-South
y_start, y_finis, dy, offset = 0, self.h, 1, 0
else: # South-North
y_start, y_finis, dy, offset = self.h - 1, -1, -1, 2
tracing = False
for y in range( y_start, y_finis, dy ):
assert 0 <= y and y < self.h, "y (%d) is out of range" % y
if self.is_wall( x, y, wall ):
if not tracing:
# Starting a new segment
segment = y
tracing = True
else:
if tracing:
# Hit the end of a segment
self.draw_line( 2 * ( x + dx ), 2 * segment + offset,
2 * ( x + dx ), 2 * y + offset )
tracing = False
if tracing:
# complete the last wall segment
self.draw_line( 2 * ( x + dx ), 2 * segment + offset,
2 * ( x + dx ), 2 * y_finis + offset )
if __name__ == '__main__':
e = Maze()
e.affect()
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